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STATE BUNKER FUEL OIL PROPERTIES
STATE BUNKER
FUEL OIL PROPERTIES
(GEK : 1/2002, 10/2002, 4/2004)
Flash point - fire risk factor
It is the lowest temperature at
which an oil will give off sufficient inflammable vapour to produce a flash
when a small flame is brought to the surface of the oil. It may be measured as
an open or closed flash point figure. The lower limit of 60°C
for flashpoint of fuels used on board ships.
Fuel oil in storage tanks must be kept at least 14°C
lower than its flash point.
Viscosity -handling, preheating and
centrifuging
This
is a property of a liquid which is a measure of its internal resistance to
flow. The viscosity of a liquid changes with temperature, decreasing as the
temperature is increased. A low viscosity is required for fuels in order to
obtain good atomization at the fuel valve.
Heating
is therefore required when burning heavy fuel to reduce viscosity to
approximately that of diesel oil. It is strongly recommended that the final
control of fuel heating should be viscometric, rather than thermostatic.
Density
Density is an absolute
relationship between mass and volume at a stated temperature, in contrast to
specific gravity (or relative density), which is related to the density of
water at the same or a different reference temperature. The unit is kg/m3
or gm/cm3 at 15°C.
ISO 8217 standard requires the
density of Marine fuel oil at 15 °C
to be 0.991 gm/cm3 or less.
Calorific
Value
It
is a measure of the amount of heat released during complete combustion of a
unit mass of the fuel. It should be high, about 45000 kJ/kg, so as to reduce
the quantity of oil stored and burned.
Asphalt
Content
It should be low; otherwise the
heaters will be clogged up when the oil is heated.
Sulphur
Content
It
should be low. When a fuel burns, any sulphur it contains is converted into
sulphur oxides which condense in the water present to form acids that may cause
corrosive wear.
This
acid rapidly deteriorates combustion chamber, fuel pipings and especially
heater tubes.
Water Content
It
should be low. Any water in the oil will be boiled during the combustion
process, thereby removing heat from the combustion chamber.
Ash
and mechanical Impurities Content
They
should be at a minimum as the ash contains small amount of iron particles it
can cause damage to fuel injection pumps and injectors. Other impurities
restrict flow through strainers, pipe lines and fuel injectors.
Cleaning and
Treatment
The
correct treatment of diesel engine fuel on board ship is vital to ensure
trouble-free operation. It is essential that water and solid contaminants be
removed from the fuel before it reaches the engine, and there are three
principal ways of removing them.
(1)
Centrifuging (Separated
by Purifier alone and Series purification process that Clarifier place after
purifier)
(2)
Filtration
(3)
Homogenising and
ultra-sonic treatment (Break contaminants down into particles, that are small
enough to pass through the injection system, without causing damage and then to
be successfully burnt in the engine.
Maintenance jobs is very effect on performance during overhauling of air compressor
Explain the
following maintenance jobs is very effect on performance during overhauling of
air compressor
(a) Big
end bearing & main bearing
(b) Suction
valve & delivery valve
(c) Piston
& cylinder
(d) Intercooler
1/2001, 4/2002
(a) It
is should be checked properly when compressor overhauling. Worn down bearing
can cause the compression noisy, vibration, overheating and excessive bumping
clearance.
The
effect of excessive bumping clearance gives a large clearance volume which will
be full of air at high pressure when the piston reaches the end of its stroke,
and in double-acting compressors it also reduces the clearance at the lower
part of stroke.
On
the out-ward stroke of the piston the air within the clearance volume expands
until the pressure within the cylinder is low enough to allow the suction
valves to open. With a large clearance volume the outward travel of the piston
will be greater before the pressure is low enough within the cylinder to allow
the suction valves to open.
In
consequence a large part of the suction stroke is made ineffective and the
amount of air taken into the cylinder during each suction stroke is reduced.
This lowers the volumetric efficiency.
(b) It
always should be good working order condition, according to running hour. The
air compressor valve are dismantled, cleaned, and refacing thoroughly check
spring plate, etc., and reassemble and test leakage.
It
a suction valve does not reseat promptly at the end of the suction stroke due
to a weak spring or to carbon deposit, part of the air drawn into the cylinder
will be returned through the defective suction valve during the first part of
the delivery stroke.
It
a delivery valve is slow in reseating, for the same reasons, part of the
delivered compressed air will return to the cylinder during the first part of
the suction stroke.
So
this is reduced the compressor performance.
(c) It
should be checked when overhauling the compressor. Remove piston, clean piston
ring groove, piston ring, take the gap clearance of piston ring a sealing rings
and scraper ring should be good working order condition.
If
the piston rings are leakage, the compressed air leak into crankcase and
reduces the compressor efficiency and contaminates the L.O.
If
the scraper ring is not in good working condition, the lubricating oil can
deposit to valves and it causes the valves to carbonized and sluggish action.
L.O is mixing with compressed air disturb the air starting system. It can cause
to air line explosion and also increase L.O consumptions, deposits at
intercooler and reduce cooler efficiency so piston and cylinder should be good
working condition.
(d) The
function of intercooler is to reduce the air temperature and volume reduce at
constant pressure as low as possible and volume reduced at constant pressure
and also to drain oil and water vapour. This lowers the work done in
compressing the air and prevents a lot of the mechanical problems which could
arise if the air temperature were uncontrolled.
By
keeping the air temperatures low, less difficulty is experienced with the
lubrication of the pistons and cylinders and the suction and delivery valves
remain in a cleaner condition without becoming fouled with carbonized oil.
So that intercooler should be
cleaned air side and water side for to get perfect cooling efficiency.
Air compressor maintenance (4)
each
(a) big end and main bearing (b) suction and delivery valve (c) piston and liner (d) inter-cooler
1/2001, 4/2002
(a) Bearing
Air
compressor main bearing and top end bearing and crank pin bearing clearance must be check regularly for safe
operation.
Excess
clearance of bearings may increase clearance volume, mainly reduced volumetric efficiency, and fall
of compressor performance. Excess clearance of bearing may cause over loading, striking, and
insufficient L.O pressure tends to bearing failure.
So
the finest clearance must be adjusted on top end, bottom end and main bearing.
During
over haul check the crank pin and holding down surface Check the bearing surface if it is wear or
crack should be replaced. Check the bearing nut for tightness and locking arrangement
and proper lubrication of bearing.
(b) Suction and delivery valve
Air
compressor valve needed regular overhaul if they are defective reducing the volumetric efficiency and also
reduce air delivery, increase air temperature and increase running time.
Valves
can leak due to wear and fatigue, insufficient or over lubrication, present of foreign particles, oil
decomposition and excessive lift.
At
regular interval valve seat, valve plate needed to be properly
ground due to their constant pounding effect. Check the valve seat, valve plate; buffer
plate, damper plate for pitting, over heating and carbon deposit.
Check
the spring weak or defective one to be renewed. Absolute cleanliness of filter and minimum absolute
lubrication can longer life of suction and delivery valve.
(c) Piston and liner
Air
compressor Piston rings and cylinder liner to be regular over haul. The defective piston ring and wear
cylinder liner can not get effective seal it can reduce the volumetric efficiency, reduce air
delivery and increase running time.
Piston
rings and cylinder liner can wear due to lack of lubrication or L.O contain condensation of water can cause
poor lubrication and dirt contain suction air.
At
regular interval piston ring to be renewed and check the cylinder liner for
wear and take calibration if necessary renewed.
(d) Inter cooler
The
effect of operating with fouled inter coolers will be to raise the air temperature. This will cause
lubrication difficulties, the compressor efficiency will rapidly fall off and there may be the rise of an explosion
caused by overheated parts in the air system.
Air
side can be reduce cooler efficiency due to deposition of oil, on the cooling
surface due to over lubrication and suction air contain dirt. It can be
thoroughly cleaned by chemical.
Waterside can be reducing cooler
efficiency due to clog of particle and dirt inside cooling water. It can be
thoroughly cleaned. And then cooler to be tested by hydraulic pressure to twice the working
pressure.
English Training Application
သေဘၤာကုမၼဏီ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားမွာ စစ္တတ္တဲ. English Test Software တစ္ခု ၿဖစ္ပါတယ္
Marlin English Test
Marlin English Test
Thursday, February 13, 2014
PROCEDURE TO RUN H F O PURIFIER
PROCEDURE TO
RUN H F O PURIFIER
1.
CHECK GEAR OIL LEVEL.
2.
OPEN SUCTION
&DISCHARGE V/V
3.
OPEN 5
HV-165HV-11&PUMP INTERCONNECTION V/V ON DISCHARGE SIDE FOR PURIFIER NO 1,
4.
CHECK EPC 30 PRO GRAMME
5.
MAKE SURE PROGRAMME
SWITCH IS IN STOP POSITION.
6.
CHECK MARST 1 CONTROL
UNIT
7.
CHANGE OVER SWITCH FROM
OFF TO STANDBY POSITION.
8.
WAIT 120 SEC(until 000
appear)
9.
START PURIFIER.
10. START OIL FEED PUMP.
11. OPEN INLET
&OUTLET V/V OF OIL HEATER , DON’T FORGET TO CHECK AGAIN WHEATHER IT
SHOWS SETTING TEMPERATURE.
12. TURN EPC 30 UNIT SWITCH
TO POSITION RUN.
13. (WHITE LAMP OPERATION &YELLOW LAMP DISCHARGE WILL SHOW)
14. WHEN DISCHARGE REG LAMP GOES OFF , START MARST 1 UNIT FROM
STANDBY TO ON POSITION.
PROGRAMME TO STOP PURIFIER
- TURN SWITCH TO STOP POSITION ON EPC 30 UNIT.
- WHITE OPERATION LAMP WILL OFF; YELLOW DISCHARGE LAMP WILL START FLASHING.
- SWITCH OFF MARST 1 UNIT (WHITE LAMP WILL GOES OFF).
- AFTER 20 SEC ,YELLOW DISCHARGE LAMP BECOME STANDBY LIGHT.
- RETURN MARST 1 UNIT TO STANDBY POSITION.
- PURIFIER WILL STOP AUTOMATICALLY WITHIN 3 MIN.
- MAKE SURE PURIFIER COME TO STANDSTILL.
DRAIN THE BOWL
- MAKE SURE TO RELEASE THE BRAKE IF IT WAS ON.
- START THE PURIFIER MANUALLY ON THE MOTOR STARTER &RUN FOR A MINUTE IN ORDER TO EMPTY THE BOWL.DON’T USE THE PROGRAMME SWITCH.
- OFF EPC 30 UNIT.
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